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Stakeholder Concept
The English term Stakeholder designates a
person, group or entity with legitimate interests in the actions and
performance of an organization and which decisions and attitudes may
affect, direct or indirectly, that other organization. Are included in
the Stakeholders the employees, managers, owners, suppliers, clients,
creditors, State (while tax and regulatory authority), unions and
several other people or entities that relate with the company.
There are several ways to classify the
different stakeholders, although the most common is the classification
of internals and externals.
K. MITCHEL, Bradley R. AGLE and Donna J.
WOOD, in Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience
distinguish seven types of stakeholders which are classified in:
- Asleep Stakeholder: Is the one whom has
the power to impose its will in the organization, although doesn’t have
legitimacy or urgency and therefore his power will be in disuse, having
little or none interaction with the company. Meanwhile, management must
know stakeholder to monitor his potential to achieve a second attribute.
- Arbitrary Stakeholder: Is the one that
has legitimacy, but doesn’t have the power to influence the company and
doesn’t even claim urgency. The attention that should be given to that
interested part is in respect to the corporative social responsibility,
since they tend to be more receptive.
- Claimer Stakeholder: When the most
important attribute in the administration is the urgency, he is a
claimer. Without power or legitimacy, they should not disturb so much
the company, however they should be monitored as to the potential of
obtaining a second attribute.
- Dominant Stakeholder: Is the one that
has his influence in the company assured by the power and legitimacy.
Waits and receives a lot of attention from the company.
- Dangerous Stakeholder: When exists power
and urgency, however doesn’t exist legitimacy, what exists is a coercive
and possibly violent stakeholder for the organization, what can be a
danger, literally.
- Dependent Stakeholder: Is the one, who
has claims with urgency and legitimacy, however depends from the power
of another stakeholder to see their demands taken into consideration.
- Definitive Stakeholder: When the
stakeholder has power and legitimacy he basically already sets himself
as definitive. When, beyond that he claims urgency, the managers should
give immediate and prioritized attention to this.
Translated from Portuguese
by Susana Saraiva, Portuguese-English and English-Portuguese translation
specialist. Contact: spams@sapo.pt.
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